Basic Principles Outline

Physical Principles of Ultrasound

  • Sound Waves

    • Rarefaction

    • Compression

    • Wavelength

    • Propagation Velocity

    • Amplitude

    • Frequency

  • Relationship between Wavelength, Frequency and Propagation

  • Penetration

    • Attenuation

    • Relationship to Wavelength

  • Resolution and Penetration Relationship

    • High Resolution/Shallow Penetration

    • Mixed

    • Low Resolution/Deep Penetration

  • Amplitude

  • Duplex Scan

Interaction of Ultrasound Waves with Tissue

  • Tissue Interactions

  • Reflection

    • Angle of Incidence

    • Acoustic Impedance Mismatch

    • Tissue Boundary Width

    • Tissue boundary Angle

  • Scattering

    • Hematocrit

  • Refraction

  • Attenuation

Imaging Modalities

  • Transducers

  • Modes

    • M Mode

    • 2D Mode

    • Doppler

      • Pulse Wave Doppler

      • Continuous Wave Doppler

      • Color Flow Doppler

        • Maps