Normal Values

Normal
Aortic Annulus Size1.8-2.3 cm
Mitral Annulus Size 3.0-3.5 cm
Aortic VTI18-25 cm
Mitral VTI 10-13 cm
Aortic Valve
Normal Area2.5-4.5 cm2
Mild Stenosis1.0-2.5 cm2
Moderate Stenosis0.75-1.0 cm2
Severe Stenosis< 0.75 cm2
Mitral Valve
Normal Area 4.0-6.0 cm2
Mild Stenosis 1.5-2.5 cm2
Moderate Stenosis 1.5-1.5 cm2
Severe Stenosis < 1.0 cm2
Aortic Valve Mean Gradient
Normal Gradient < 5 mmHg
Mild Stenosis 5-25 mmHg
Moderate Stenosis 25-50 mmHg
Severe Stenosis>50 mmHg
Mitral Valve Mean Gradient
Normal Gradient < 2 mmHg
Mild Stenosis 2-6 mmHg
Moderate Stenosis 6-12 mmHg
Severe Stenosis>12 mmHg
Aortic Valve Peak Gradient
Normal GradientmmHg
Mild StenosismmHg
Moderate StenosismmHg
Severe StenosismmHg
Aortic Regurgitation PHT
Mild AR > 550 msec
Moderate AR300-550 msec
Severe AR < 300 msec
Pulmonary Hypertension (Peak Pressure)
Mild 30-40 mmHg
Moderate40-70 mmHg
Severe> 70 mmHg (Mean PAP > 40 mmHg)
Aortic Regurgitation DT
Mild AR < 2.0 m/sec
Moderate AR 2.0-3.5 m/sec
Severe AR > 3.5 m/sec
dP/dt
Normal>1200 mmHg/s (< 27 msec)
Boarderline 1000-1200 mmHg/s (27-32 msec)
Abnormal < 1000 mmHg/s (> 32 msec)
AR Jet Diameter/LVOT Ratio
Mild AR< 25 - 45 %
Moderate AR45 - 65%
Severe AR> 65%
Index of Myocardial Performance
Normal< 0.40
Mildly Depressed0.40-0.60
Moderately Depressed0.60-1.00
Severely Depressed> 1.00
Aortic Regurgitant Fraction
Normal to Trivial <20%
Mild20-30%
Moderate30-55%
Severe> 55% (> 60 mls)
Aortic Regurgitation Vena Contracta
Mild AR < 0.3 cm
Moderate AR 0.3 - 0.6 cm
Severe AR> 0.6 cm