| Normal Doppler Values for Aortic Prosthetic Heart Valves |
| |
ATS Bileaflet
| Size |
PG (mmHg) |
MG (mmHg) |
EOA (cm2) |
| 19 |
47.0± 12.6 |
25.3± 8.0 |
1.1± 0.3 |
| 21 |
23.7± 6.8 |
15.9± 5.0 |
1.4± 0.5 |
| 23 |
|
14.4± 4.9 |
1.7± 0.5 |
| 25 |
|
11.3± 3.7 |
2.1± 0.7 |
| 27 |
|
8.4± 3.7 |
2.5± 0.1 |
| 29 |
|
8.0± 3.0 |
3.1± 0.8 |
| PG = Peak Gradient, MG = Mean Gradient, EOA = Effective Orifice Area |
|
|
|
ATS AP Bileaflet
| Size |
PG (mmHg) |
MG (mmHg) |
EOA (cm2) |
| 18 |
|
21.0± 1.8 |
1.2± 0.3 |
| 20 |
21.4± 4.2 |
11.1± 3.5 |
1.3± 0.3 |
| 22 |
18.7± 8.3 |
10.5± 4.5 |
1.7± 0.4 |
| 24 |
15.1± 5.6 |
7.5± 3.1 |
2.0± 0.6 |
| 26 |
|
6.0± 2.0 |
2.1± 0.4 |
| PG = Peak Gradient, MG = Mean Gradient, EOA = Effective Orifice Area |
|
|
|
Baxter Perimount Stented Bovine Pericardial
| Size |
PG (mmHg) |
MG (mmHg) |
EOA (cm2) |
| 19 |
32.5± 8.5 |
19.5± 5.5 |
1.3± 0.2 |
| 21 |
24.9± 7.7 |
13.8± 4.0 |
1.3± 0.3 |
| 23 |
19.9± 7.4 |
11.5± 3.9 |
1.6± 0.3 |
| 25 |
16.5± 7.8 |
10.7± 3.8 |
1.6± 0.4 |
| 27 |
12.8± 5.4 |
4.8± 2.2 |
2.0± 0.4 |
| PG = Peak Gradient, MG = Mean Gradient, EOA = Effective Orifice Area |
|
|
|
Biocor Stented Porcine
| Size |
PG (mmHg) |
MG (mmHg) |
EOA (cm2) |
| 23 |
30.0± 10.7 |
20± 6.6 |
1.3± 0.3 |
| 25 |
23.0± 7.9 |
16± 5.1 |
1.7± 0.4 |
| 27 |
22.0± 6.5 |
15.0± 3.7 |
2.2± 0.4 |
| PG = Peak Gradient, MG = Mean Gradient, EOA = Effective Orifice Area |
|
|
|
Extended Biocor Stentless
| Size |
PG (mmHg) |
MG (mmHg) |
EOA (cm2) |
| 19 |
17.5± 6.5 |
9.6± 3.6 |
1.4± 0.4 |
| 21 |
17.5± 6.5 |
9.6± 3.6 |
1.4± 0.4 |
| 23 |
14.7± 7.3 |
7.7± 3.8 |
1.7± 0.4 |
| 25 |
14.0± 4.3 |
7.4± 2.5 |
1.8± 0.4 |
| PG = Peak Gradient, MG = Mean Gradient, EOA = Effective Orifice Area |
|
|
|
Bioflo Stented Bovine Pericardia
| Size |
PG (mmHg) |
MG (mmHg) |
EOA (cm2) |
| 19 |
37.2± 8.8 |
26.4± 5.5 |
0.7± 0.1 |
| 21 |
28.7± 6.2 |
18.7± 5.5 |
1.1± 0.1 |
| PG = Peak Gradient, MG = Mean Gradient, EOA = Effective Orifice Area |
|
|
|
Bjork-Shiley Single Tilting Disc
| Size |
PG (mmHg) |
MG (mmHg) |
EOA (cm2) |
| 21 |
38.9± 11.9 |
21.8± 3.4 |
1.1± 0.3 |
| 23 |
28.8± 11.2 |
15.7± 5.3 |
1.3± 0.3 |
| 25 |
23.7± 8.2 |
13.0± 5.0 |
1.5± 0.4 |
| 27 |
|
10.0± 2.0 |
1.6± 0.3 |
| PG = Peak Gradient, MG = Mean Gradient, EOA = Effective Orifice Area |
|
|
|
Carbomedics Reduced Bileaflet
| Size |
PG (mmHg) |
MG (mmHg) |
EOA (cm2) |
| 19 |
43.4± 1.2 |
24.4± 1.2 |
1.2± 0.1 |
| PG = Peak Gradient, MG = Mean Gradient, EOA = Effective Orifice Area |
|
|
|
Carbomedics Standard Bileaflet
| Size |
PG (mmHg) |
MG (mmHg) |
EOA (cm2) |
| 19 |
38.0± 12.8 |
18.9± 8.3 |
1.0± 0.3 |
| 21 |
26.8± 10.1 |
12.9± 5.4 |
1.5± 0.4 |
| 23 |
22.5± 7.4 |
11.0± 4.6 |
1.4± 0.3 |
| 25 |
19.6± 7.8 |
9.1± 3.5 |
1.8± 0.4 |
| 27 |
17.5± 7.1 |
7.9± 3.2 |
2.2± 0.2 |
| 29 |
9.1± 4.7 |
5.6± 3.0 |
3.2± 1.6 |
| PG = Peak Gradient, MG = Mean Gradient, EOA = Effective Orifice Area |
|
|
|
Carbomedics Tophat Bileaflet
| Size |
PG (mmHg) |
MG (mmHg) |
EOA (cm2) |
| 21 |
30.2± 10.9 |
14.9± 5.4 |
1.2± 0.3 |
| 23 |
24.2± 7.6 |
12.5± 4.4 |
1.4± 0.4 |
| 25 |
|
9.5± 2.9 |
1.6± 0.32 |
| PG = Peak Gradient, MG = Mean Gradient, EOA = Effective Orifice Area |
|
|
|
Carpentier Edwards Pericardial Stented Bovine Pericardial
| Size |
PG (mmHg) |
MG (mmHg) |
EOA (cm2) |
| 19 |
32.1± 3.4 |
24.2± 8.6 |
1.2± 0.3 |
| 21 |
25.7± 9.9 |
20.3± 9.1 |
1.5± 0.4 |
| 23 |
21.7± 8.6 |
13.0± 5.3 |
1.8± 0.3 |
| 25 |
|
16.5± 5.4 |
1.9± 2.3 |
| PG = Peak Gradient, MG = Mean Gradient, EOA = Effective Orifice Area |
|
|
|
Carpentier Edwards Standard Stented Porcine
| Size |
PG (mmHg) |
MG (mmHg) |
EOA (cm2) |
| 19 |
43.5± 12.7 |
25.6± 8.0 |
0.9± 0.2 |
| 21 |
27.7± 7.6 |
17.3± 6.2 |
1.5± 0.3 |
| 23 |
28.9± 7.5 |
16.1± 6.2 |
1.7± 0.5 |
| 25 |
24.0± 7.1 |
12.9± 4.6 |
1.9± 0.5 |
| 27 |
22.1± 8.2 |
12.1± 5.5 |
2.3± 0.6 |
| 29 |
|
9.9± 2.9 |
2.8± 0.5 |
| PG = Peak Gradient, MG = Mean Gradient, EOA = Effective Orifice Area |
|
|
|
Carpentier Supra-Annular Stented Porcine
| Size |
PG (mmHg) |
MG (mmHg) |
EOA (cm2) |
| 19 |
34.1± 2.7 |
|
1.1± 0.1 |
| 21 |
28.0± 10.5 |
17.5± 3.8 |
1.4± 0.9 |
| 23 |
25.3± 10.5 |
13.4± 4.5 |
1.6± 0.6 |
| 25 |
24.4± 7.6 |
13.2± 4.8 |
1.8± 0.4 |
| 27 |
16.7± 4.7 |
8.8± 2.8 |
1.9± 0.7 |
| PG = Peak Gradient, MG = Mean Gradient, EOA = Effective Orifice Area |
|
|
|
Cryolife Stentless
| Size |
PG (mmHg) |
MG (mmHg) |
EOA (cm2) |
| 19 |
|
9.0± 2.0 |
1.5± 0.3 |
| 21 |
|
6.6± 2.9 |
1.7± 0.4 |
| 23 |
|
6.0± 2.3 |
2.3± 0.2 |
| 25 |
|
6.1± 2.6 |
2.6± 0.2 |
| 27 |
|
4.0± 2.4 |
2.8± 0.3 |
| PG = Peak Gradient, MG = Mean Gradient, EOA = Effective Orifice Area |
|
|
|
Edwards Duromedics Bileaflet
| Size |
PG (mmHg) |
MG (mmHg) |
EOA (cm2) |
| 21 |
39.0± 13 |
|
|
| 23 |
32.0± 8.0 |
|
|
| 25 |
26.0± 10.0 |
|
|
| 27 |
24.0± 10.0 |
|
|
| PG = Peak Gradient, MG = Mean Gradient, EOA = Effective Orifice Area |
|
|
|
Edwards Mira Bileaflet
| Size |
PG (mmHg) |
MG (mmHg) |
EOA (cm2) |
| 19 |
|
18.2± 5.3 |
1.2± 0.4 |
| 21 |
|
13.3± 4.3 |
1.6± 0.4 |
| 23 |
|
14.7± 2.8 |
1.6± 0.6 |
| 25 |
|
13.1± 3.8 |
1.9 |
| PG = Peak Gradient, MG = Mean Gradient, EOA = Effective Orifice Area |
|
|
|
Hancock Stented Porcine
| Size |
PG (mmHg) |
MG (mmHg) |
EOA (cm2) |
| 21 |
18.0± 6.0 |
12.0± 2.0 |
|
| 23 |
16.0± 2.0 |
11.0± 2.0 |
|
| 25 |
15.0± 3.0 |
10.0± 3.0 |
|
| PG = Peak Gradient, MG = Mean Gradient, EOA = Effective Orifice Area |
|
|
|
Hancock II Stented Porcine
| Size |
PG (mmHg) |
MG (mmHg) |
EOA (cm2) |
| 21 |
|
14.8± 4.1 |
1.3± 0.4 |
| 23 |
34.0± 13.0 |
16.6± 8.5 |
1.3± 0.4 |
| 25 |
22.0± 5.3 |
10.8± 2.8 |
1.6± 0.4 |
| 27 |
|
|
|
| 29 |
16.2± 1.5 |
8.2± 1.7 |
1.6± 0.2 |
| |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
| PG = Peak Gradient, MG = Mean Gradient, EOA = Effective Orifice Area |
|
|
|
Homograft Valves
| Size |
PG (mmHg) |
MG (mmHg) |
EOA (cm2) |
| 17-19 |
|
9.7± 4.2 |
4.2± 1.8 |
| 19-21 |
|
|
5.4± 0.9 |
| 20-21 |
|
7.9± 4.0 |
3.6± 2.0 |
| 20-22 |
|
7.2± 3.0 |
3.5± 1.5 |
| 22 |
1.7± 0.3 |
|
5.8± 3.2 |
| 22-23 |
|
5.6± 3.1 |
2.6± 1.4 |
| 22-24 |
|
|
5.6± 1.7 |
| 24-27 |
|
6.2± 2.6 |
2.8± 1.1 |
| 26 |
1.4± 0.6 |
|
6.8± 2.9 |
| 25-28 |
|
|
6.2± 2.5 |
|
|
|
Intact Stented Porcine
| Size |
PG (mmHg) |
MG (mmHg) |
EOA (cm2) |
| 19 |
40.4± 15.4 |
24.5± 9.3 |
|
| 21 |
40.9± 15.6 |
19.6± 8.1 |
1.6± 0.4 |
| 23 |
32.7± 9.6 |
19.0± 6.1 |
1.6± 0.4 |
| 25 |
29.7± 15.0 |
17.7± 7.9 |
1.7± 0.3 |
| 27 |
25.0± 7.6 |
15.0± 4.5 |
|
| PG = Peak Gradient, MG = Mean Gradient, EOA = Effective Orifice Area |
|
|
|
Ionescu-Shiley Stented Bovine Pericardial
| Size |
PG (mmHg) |
MG (mmHg) |
EOA (cm2) |
| 17 |
23.8± 3.4 |
|
0.9± 0.1 |
| 19 |
19.7± 5.9 |
13.3± 3.9 |
1.1± 0.1 |
| 21 |
26.6± 9.0 |
|
|
| 23 |
|
15.6± 4.4 |
|
| |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
| PG = Peak Gradient, MG = Mean Gradient, EOA = Effective Orifice Area |
|
|
|
Labcor Santiago Stented Bovine Pericardial
| Size |
PG (mmHg) |
MG (mmHg) |
EOA (cm2) |
| 19 |
18.6± 5.0 |
11.8± 3.3 |
1.2± 0.1 |
| 21 |
17.5± 6.6 |
8.2± 4.5 |
1.3± 0.1 |
| 23 |
14.8± 5.2 |
7.8± 2.9 |
1.8± 0.2 |
| 25 |
12.3± 3.4 |
6.8± 2.0 |
2.1± 0.3 |
| PG = Peak Gradient, MG = Mean Gradient, EOA = Effective Orifice Area |
|
|
|
Labcor Synergy Stented Porcine
| Size |
PG (mmHg) |
MG (mmHg) |
EOA (cm2) |
| 21 |
24.3± 8.1 |
13.3± 4.2 |
1.1± 0.3 |
| 23 |
27.3± 13.7 |
15.3± 6.9 |
1.4± 0.4 |
| 25 |
22.5± 11.9 |
13.2± 6.4 |
1.5± 0.4 |
| 27 |
17.8± 7.0 |
10.6± 4.6 |
1.8± 0.5 |
| PG = Peak Gradient, MG = Mean Gradient, EOA = Effective Orifice Area |
|
|
|
MCRI On-X Bileaflet
| Size |
PG (mmHg) |
MG (mmHg) |
EOA (cm2) |
| 19 |
21.3± 10.8 |
11.8± 3.4 |
1.5± 0.2 |
| 21 |
16.4± 5.9 |
9.9± 3.6 |
1.7± 0.4 |
| 23 |
15.9± 6.4 |
8.6± 3.4 |
1.9± 0.6 |
| 25 |
16.5± 10.2 |
6.9± 4.3 |
2.4± 0.6 |
| PG = Peak Gradient, MG = Mean Gradient, EOA = Effective Orifice Area |
|
|
|
Medtronic Advantage Bileaflet
| Size |
PG (mmHg) |
MG (mmHg) |
EOA (cm2) |
| 23 |
|
10.4± 3.1 |
2.2± 0.3 |
| 25 |
|
9.0± 3.7 |
2.8± 0.6 |
| 27 |
|
7.6± 3.6 |
3.3± 0.7 |
| 29 |
|
6.1± 3.8 |
3.9±0.7 |
| PG = Peak Gradient, MG = Mean Gradient, EOA = Effective Orifice Area |
|
|
|
Medtronic Freestyle Stentless
| Size |
PG (mmHg) |
MG (mmHg) |
EOA (cm2) |
| 19 |
|
13.0± 3.9 |
|
| 21 |
|
9.1± 5.1 |
1.4± 0.3 |
| 23 |
11.0± 4.0 |
8.1± 4.6 |
1.7± 0.5 |
| 25 |
|
5.3± 3.1 |
2.1± 0.5 |
| 27 |
|
4.6± 3.1 |
2.5± 0.1 |
| |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
| PG = Peak Gradient, MG = Mean Gradient, EOA = Effective Orifice Area |
|
|
|
Medtronic Hall Single Tilting Disc
| Size |
PG (mmHg) |
MG (mmHg) |
EOA (cm2) |
| 20 |
34.4± 13.1 |
17.1± 5.3 |
1.2± 0.5 |
| 21 |
26.9± 10.5 |
14.1± 5.9 |
1.1± 0.2 |
| 23 |
26.9± 8.9 |
13.5± 4.8 |
1.4± 0.4 |
| 25 |
17.1± 7.0 |
9.5± 4.3 |
1.5± 0.5 |
| 27 |
18.9± 9.7 |
8.7± 5.6 |
1.9± 0.2 |
| PG = Peak Gradient, MG = Mean Gradient, EOA = Effective Orifice Area |
|
|
|
Medtronic Mosaic Stented Porcine
| Size |
PG (mmHg) |
MG (mmHg) |
EOA (cm2) |
| 21 |
|
14.2± 5.0 |
1.4± 0.4 |
| 23 |
23.8± 11.0 |
13.7± 4.8 |
1.5± 0.4 |
| 25 |
22.5± 10.0 |
11.7± 5.1 |
1.8± 0.5 |
| 27 |
|
10.4± 4.3 |
1.9± 0.1 |
| 29 |
|
11.1± 4.3 |
2.1± 0.2 |
| PG = Peak Gradient, MG = Mean Gradient, EOA = Effective Orifice Area |
|
|
|
Mitroflow Stented Bovine Pericardial
| Size |
PG (mmHg) |
MG (mmHg) |
EOA (cm2) |
| 19 |
18.6± 5.3 |
13.1± 3.3 |
1.1± 0.2 |
| PG = Peak Gradient, MG = Mean Gradient, EOA = Effective Orifice Area |
|
|
|
Monostrut Bjork-Shiley Single Tilting Disc
| Size |
PG (mmHg) |
MG (mmHg) |
EOA (cm2) |
| 19 |
|
27.4± 8.8 |
|
| 21 |
27.5± 3.1 |
20.5± 6.2 |
|
| 23 |
20.3± 0.7 |
17.4± 6.4 |
|
| 25 |
|
16.1± 4.9 |
|
| 27 |
|
11.4± 3.8 |
|
| PG = Peak Gradient, MG = Mean Gradient, EOA = Effective Orifice Area |
|
|
|
Prima Stentless
| Size |
PG (mmHg) |
MG (mmHg) |
EOA (cm2) |
| 21 |
28.8± 6.0 |
13.7± 1.9 |
1.4± 0.7 |
| 23 |
21.5± 7.5 |
11.5± 4.9 |
1.5± 0.3 |
| 25 |
22.1± 12.5 |
11.6± 7.2 |
1.8± 0.5 |
| PG = Peak Gradient, MG = Mean Gradient, EOA = Effective Orifice Area |
|
|
|
Omnicarbon Single Tilting Disc
| Size |
PG (mmHg) |
MG (mmHg) |
EOA (cm2) |
| 21 |
37.4± 12.8 |
20.4± 5.4 |
1.3± 0.5 |
| 23 |
28.8± 9.1 |
17.4± 4.9 |
1.5± 0.3 |
| 25 |
23.7± 8.1 |
13.2± 4.6 |
1.9± 0.5 |
| 27 |
20.1± 4.2 |
12.4± 2.9 |
2.1± 0.4 |
| PG = Peak Gradient, MG = Mean Gradient, EOA = Effective Orifice Area |
|
|
|
Omniscience Single Tilting Disc
| Size |
PG (mmHg) |
MG (mmHg) |
EOA (cm2) |
| 21 |
50.8± 2.8 |
28.2± 2.2 |
0.9± 0.1 |
| 23 |
39.8± 8.7 |
20.1± 5.1 |
1.0± 0.1 |
| PG = Peak Gradient, MG = Mean Gradient, EOA = Effective Orifice Area |
|
|
|
Starr Edwards Caged Ball
| Size |
PG (mmHg) |
MG (mmHg) |
EOA (cm2) |
| 23 |
32.6± 12.8 |
22.0± 9.0 |
1.1± 0.2 |
| 24 |
34.1± 10.3 |
22.1± 7.5 |
1.1± 0.3 |
| 26 |
31.8± 9.0 |
19.7± 6.1 |
|
| 27 |
30.8± 6.3 |
18.5± 3.7 |
|
| 29 |
29.0± 9.3 |
16.3± 5.5 |
|
| PG = Peak Gradient, MG = Mean Gradient, EOA = Effective Orifice Area |
|
|
|
Sorin Bicarbon Bileaflet
| Size |
PG (mmHg) |
MG (mmHg) |
EOA (cm2) |
| 19 |
30.1± 4.5 |
16.7± 2.0 |
1.4± 0.1 |
| 21 |
22.0± 7.1 |
10.0± 3.3 |
1.2± 0.4 |
| 23 |
16.8± 6.1 |
7.7± 3.3 |
1.5± 0.2 |
| 25 |
11.2± 3.1 |
5.6± 1.6 |
2.4± 0.3 |
| PG = Peak Gradient, MG = Mean Gradient, EOA = Effective Orifice Area |
|
|
|
Sorin Pericarbon Stentless
| Size |
PG (mmHg) |
MG (mmHg) |
EOA (cm2) |
| 19 |
36.5± 9.0 |
28.9± 7.3 |
1.2± 0.5 |
| 21 |
28.0± 13.3 |
23.8± 11.1 |
1.3± 0.6 |
| 23 |
27.5± 11.5 |
23.2± 7.6 |
1.5± 0.5 |
| PG = Peak Gradient, MG = Mean Gradient, EOA = Effective Orifice Area |
|
|
|
St. Jude Medical Haem Plus Bileaflet
| Size |
PG (mmHg) |
MG (mmHg) |
EOA (cm2) |
| 19 |
28.5± 10.7 |
17.0± 7.8 |
1.9± 0.1 |
| 21 |
16.3± 17.0 |
10.6± 5.1 |
1.8± 0.5 |
| 23 |
16.8± 7.3 |
12.1± 4.2 |
1.7± 0.5 |
| PG = Peak Gradient, MG = Mean Gradient, EOA = Effective Orifice Area |
|
|
|
St Jude Medical Regent Bileaflet
| Size |
PG (mmHg) |
MG (mmHg) |
EOA (cm2) |
| 19 |
20.6± 12 |
11.0± 4.9 |
1.6± 0.4 |
| 21 |
15.6± 9.4 |
8.0± 4.8 |
2.0± 0.7 |
| 23 |
12.8± 6.8 |
6.9± 3.5 |
2.3± 0.9 |
| 25 |
11.7± 6.8 |
5.6± 3.2 |
2.5± 0.8 |
| 27 |
7.9± 5.5 |
3.5± 1.7 |
3.6± 0.5 |
| PG = Peak Gradient, MG = Mean Gradient, EOA = Effective Orifice Area |
|
|
|
St Jude Medical Standard Bileaflet
| Size |
PG (mmHg) |
MG (mmHg) |
EOA (cm2) |
| 19 |
42.0± 10.0 |
24.5± 5.8 |
1.5± 0.1 |
| 21 |
25.7± 9.5 |
15.2± 5.0 |
1.4± 0.4 |
| 23 |
21.8± 7.5 |
13.4± 5.6 |
1.6± 0.4 |
| 25 |
18.9± 7.3 |
11.0± 5.3 |
1.9± 0.5 |
| 27 |
13.7± 4.2 |
8.4± 3.4 |
2.5± 0.4 |
| 29 |
13.5± 5.8 |
7.0± 1.7 |
2.8± 0.5 |
| PG = Peak Gradient, MG = Mean Gradient, EOA = Effective Orifice Area |
|
|
|
St Jude Medical Stentless
| Size |
PG (mmHg) |
MG (mmHg) |
EOA (cm2) |
| 21 |
22.6± 14.5 |
10.7± 7.2 |
1.3± 0.6 |
| 23 |
16.2± 9.0 |
8.2± 4.7 |
1.6± 0.6 |
| 25 |
12.7± 8.2 |
6.3± 4.1 |
1.8± 0.5 |
| 27 |
10.1± 5.8 |
5.0± 2.9 |
2.0± 0.3 |
| 29 |
7.7± 4.4 |
4.1± 2.4 |
2.4± 0.6 |
| PG = Peak Gradient, MG = Mean Gradient, EOA = Effective Orifice Area |
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